Fig. 1
From: Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for producing branched chain amino acids
Biosynthetic pathway and regulations of BCAAs in C. glutamicum. The green areas represent l-valine metabolic pathway, the pink areas represent l-leucine metabolic pathway, the blue areas represent l-isoleucine metabolic pathway, the yellow areas represent central metabolic pathway and l-threonine metabolic pathway, the orange areas represent pantothenate metabolic pathway. The terminating symbol of dotted lines indicate transcription attenuation, the terminating symbol of solid lines indicate feedback inhibition, and the double-line arrow indicates Lrp activation. PEPCx: PEP carboxylase; PEPCk: PEP carboxykinase; PC: pyruvate carboxylase; ATs: aminotransferase; PDH: pyruvate dehydrogenase; GltA: citrate synthase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; AK: aspartate kinase; ASD: semialdehyde dehydrogenase; HD: homoserine dehydrogenase; HK: homoserine kinase; TS: threonine synthase; TD: threonine dehydratase; AHAS: acetohydroxy acid synthase; AHAIR: acetohydroxy acid isomerase; DHAD: hydroxy acid dehydratase; TA: branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase; IPMS: isopropyl malate synthase; IPMI: α-isopropylmalate isomerase; IPMD: α-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase; Lrp: leucine-responsive protein; KPHMT: ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase; PS: pantothenate synthetase; PANK: pantothenate kinase; PPAT: phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase; DCAK: dephospho-CoA kinase