Figure 3
From: Genome engineering for improved recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli
Cellular factors controlling the rate of translation. These factors which directly effect translation efficiency are a) mRNA RBS secondary structure affecting the Translation Initiation Rates (TIR) and the UTR sequences, b) Degradation of ribosomes due to substrate non-availability and RNase over expression, c) Availability of charged tRNA which depends on ATP supply and codon bias. Additionally global regulator like FIS also control translation and stability.