Figure 3
From: The path to next generation biofuels: successes and challenges in the era of synthetic biology
Current metabolic engineering efforts for 1-butanol production. Heterologous expression of clostridial genes in S. cerevisiae and E. coli. Gene names in red indicate steps engineered for butanol biosynthesis. Source of the genes is reported in parenthesis. c.a., Clostridium acetobutylicum; c.b., Clostridium beijerinckii; e.c., Escherichia coli; s.c., Saccharomyces cerevisiae; r.e., Ralstonia eutropha; s.c., Streptomyces collinus. || indicates gene knock-outs. Gene/enzyme names: adh, adhE1, adhE2, alcohol dehydrogenase;bcd-etfAB, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase;ccr, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase;crt, crotonase; erg10, thiolase; fdh1, formate dehydrogenase; phaA, thiolase; phaB, acetoacetyl-Coa reductase; thl, thiolase.