Table 1 Promoter interacting elements of catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as reviewed in[10], [11], [12])

Activator (DNA-binding proteins)

Hap2/3/4/5 complex

Activates transcription of proteins for respiratory functions

Gal4

Activates transcription of proteins for galactose and melobiose metabolism

Mal63

Activates transcription of proteins for maltose utilization

Adr1, Cat8, Sip4

Activates transcription of proteins for ethanol, glycerol and lactate utilization, as well as for gluconeogenic proteins

Oaf1

Activates transcription of proteins for oleate utilization

Repressor (DNA-binding proteins)

Mig1 (Mig2, Mig3)

Recruits Ssn6-Tup1 complex (repressor complex) in glucose repressed genes

Intermediate elements

Snf1

Protein kinase (in complex with Snf4); derepression of glucose-repressed genes by phosphorylation of Mig1

Glc7

Protein phosphatase; dephosphorylation of Snf1

Glucose signaling

Hxt-proteins

Hexose transporter

Snf3

Glucose transporter

Rgt2

Glucose transporter

Hxk-proteins

Hexokinase

Phosphorylation of glucose