Figure 5

Illustration about hypothesis about DA toxicity mechanism and the dynamic response of S. roseosporus . DA inserted into the cell membrane disrupted the membrane integrity and induced the generation of ROS by unknown mechanisms. Cells activated expression of a number of genes coding for antioxidative systems to degrade ROS (Superoxide dismutase and catalase), to repair or degrade the disfolded proteins (heat shock proteins, Clp and proteasome). In addition, the yield of stress protectants, such as trehalose may increase to help the cell to mitigate the toxicity of DA.