Figure 3

Production of hydroxycinnamic shikimates in different E. coli strains. Product 1 contains one molecule of hydroxycinnamate attached to shikimate, while products 2–4 contain two molecules of hydroxycinnamate attached to shikimate. Error bars indicate mean values ± SD from three independent experiments. Product 1 is 3 or 4-p-coumaroyl shikimate; The structures of product 2, product 3, and product 4 are likely to be 3,4-di-p-coumaroyl 3,5-di-p-coumaroyl shikimate, and 4,5-di-p-coumaroyl shikimate, respectively.