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Fig. 9 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 9

From: Deciphering antifungal and antibiofilm mechanisms of isobavachalcone against Cryptococcus neoformans through RNA-seq and functional analyses

Fig. 9

The mechanism diagram of IBC-induced cell death mechanism in C. neoformans cells. (A) IBC exerted antifungal effects through impeding the cell wall biosynthesis by downregulating expression of most of key genes within the KRE family such as Kre5, Kre6, and Skn1 gene. (B) IBC treatment caused damage to cell membrane-mediated C. neoformans cell death by downregulating the expression of most of ergosterol-related (ERG) genes including Erg3, Erg6, and Erg11, and the ABC transporter gene such as Afr1 and Afr2, thereby disrupting the cell membrane integrity and reversing drug resistance. (C) IBC exposure decreased the melanin and capsule synthesis by downregulating Hob1, Usv101, and Lac1 and Gat201. (D) IBC treatment disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis by upregulated the expression of Dnm1, Mdv1 and Fis1 and Mca1 genes, and downregulated the expression of Aif1, which resulted in the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis of C. neoformans. Genes circled in red and green are significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively

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Microbial Cell Factories

ISSN: 1475-2859

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