Fig. 3From: Complete microbial synthesis of crocetin and crocins from glycerol in Escherichia coliEffect of culture temperatures on the crocetin dialdehyde production of the Z1pC strain in batch bioreactor fermentations. Batch bioreactor fermentations of the crocetin dialdehyde-producing Z1pC strain were performed with the same culture parameters except for the culture temperature: 37 ℃, 30 ℃, or 20 ℃. (A) Cell growth, glycerol consumption, and crocetin dialdehyde production at three different temperatures. (B) The time-course mRNA expression level of CsCCD2 in Z1pC strain cultures at three different temperatures and analyzed using RT-qPCR. Relative expression level is presented by normalizing with the expression level of the cysG gene (a reference gene). (C) The time-course protein expression level of the CsCCD2 enzyme at three different temperatures was analyzed on the SDS-PAGE gels. An arrow indicates a band corresponding to the CsCCD2 enzyme of the calculated size of 63 kDa. All experiments, including bioreactor fermentations, were performed in biological triplicate, and error bars represent mean ± SDBack to article page