Fig. 6

Fp-EVs suppresse the activation of NF-κB and MAPK and regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling in DSS-induced colitis (3–4 mice/group). (A) Western blotting analysis of Nrf2, HO-1, p-NF-κB, NF-κB, p-JNK, JNK, p-P38 and P38 among groups. (B) Quantification of p-NF-Κb/NF-κB, p-JNK/JNK and p-P38 /P38 normalized to β-actin by calculating the densities of protein. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3–4). *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 vs. DSS group. Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, HO-1: heme oxygenase-1