Fig. 3

Fp-EVs maintain intestinal mucosal barrier function in DSS-induced colitis mice (3–4 mice/group). (A) and (C) Immunofluorescent staining of ZO-1 and Occludin in the colon. Magnification 400×. Scale bars represent 50 μm. (B) and (D) Analysis of the intensity/area of ZO-1 and Occludin among the different groups. (E) Protein levels of Occludin in colon tissue analyzed by western blotting normalized to β-actin. (F) and (G) Quantification of ZO-1 and Occludin calculated by the densities of the protein bands using Image Lab. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3–4). *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 vs. DSS group