Fig. 5

Neutrophil activation by EVs led to the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). (A) Formation of NETs in mouse bone-marrow neutrophils activated with 50 µg/mL EVs for different times (2, 4, or 6 h). Cells were visualized with fluorescence microscopy. 100nM PMA as the positive control. (B) Detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein in mouse bone-marrow neutrophils incubated with 50 µg/mL EVs. (C) After incubation with 50 µg/mL EVs lacking LPS for 6 h, neutrophils were visualized with fluorescence microscopy. No NETs were observed. (D) Neutrophils were incubated with 50 µg/mL EVs lacking LPS for 6 h, and visualized with fluorescence microscopy. No MPO protein was detected in neutrophils treated with EVs lacking LPS. (E) Formation of HETs in chicken heterophils after activation with 50 µg/mL EVs for different times (2, 4, or 6 h). Data represent one of three independent experiments. Cells were fixed and stained with DAPI (blue) and MPO antibody (orange). Data represent one of three independent experiments