Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 1

From: Extracellular vesicles produced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) activate macrophage proinflammatory response and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through TLR4 signaling

Fig. 1

Characterization and kinetics of E. coli CT265 EVs. (A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of negatively stained APEC CT265 EVs (n = 1). Scale bars: 200 nm. (B) Size distribution of CT265 EVs determined with nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Data are the means of three biological replicates (blue line) ± standard errors of the means. (C) Kinetic curves for E. coli CT265 and EVs over 18 h. Data are the means of three biological replicates ± SEM. (D) Western blotting analysis of EV protein OmpA after incubation for (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 h). A representative western blot is shown. (E) SDS-PAGE analysis of proteinase-K-treated EVs, untreated EVs, and CT265 whole-cell bacterial lysate (WC). (F) Protein concentrations of proteinase-K-treated EVs and -untreated EVs. Statistical test: t-test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Data are the means of five biological replicates ± SEM.

Back to article page

Microbial Cell Factories

ISSN: 1475-2859

Contact us