Sustainable biorefining and bioprocessing of green seaweed (Ulva spp.) for the production of edible (ulvan) and non-edible (polyhydroxyalkanoate) biopolymeric films

Table 1 Biomass and PHB yield of C. necator grown using different synthetic VFAs as the carbon source and the VFAs-rich liquid fraction of the digestate obtained at the end of the dark fermentation of ulvan-free biomass

Substrate	Biomass yield (g of biomass/ g of VFA)	PHB yield (g of PHB/ g of VFA)	Specific growth rate (h⁻¹)
Acetic acid	0.31 ± 0.07	0.07 ± 0.03	0.029 ± 0.01
Propionic acid	0.37 ± 0.06	0.03 ± 0.001	0.031 ± 0.001
Butyric acid	0.4 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.02	0.034 ± 0.001
Iso-butyric acid	0.36 ± 0.07	–	0.03 ± 0.001
Valeric acid	0.22 ± 0.08	0.04 ± 0.03	0.029 0.004
Iso-valeric acid	0.29 ± 0.05	–	0.03 ± 0.005
Caproic acid	0.38 ± 0.04	0.05 ± 0.001	0.032 ± 0.006
Digestate	0.43 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.001

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