Fig. 5

Biocontrol efficacy of P. agglomerans ZJU23 was enhanced after fermentation optimization and strain engineering. a Control effect on gray mold of apple and tomato caused by B. cinerea (B.c) using the bacterial suspension of the wild type strain ZJU23 fermented in KB (treatment KB&WT, before optimization) or ΔLrhA fermented in HAI (treatment HAI&ΔLrhA, after optimization). Apple and tomato inoculated with B. cinerea only was used as the non-treatment control, and pyrimethanil (Pyr) was used as a chemical fungicide control. The representative images in each treatment were obtained after 3 days of treatment. b Lesion area and disease control efficacies of different treatments against gray mold disease. c Control effect on Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by F. pseudograminearum (F.p). Wheat seedlings treated by F. pseudograminearum only were used as the non-treatment control, and tebuconazole (Teb) was used as a chemical fungicide control. The representative images in each treatment were shown after 14 days of treatment. (d) Disease index and control efficacies of different treatments against Fusarium crown rot of wheat. Data presented are the mean ± s.e.m. from three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significantly different groups (P < 0.05, ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test)