Fig. 6

Benchmarking of microbial pediocin PA-1 production in natural and recombinant cell factories. The data show previous efforts (from top to bottom in the upper part) using L. lactis CL1 [107], B. subtilis [108], P. acidilactici 347 [109], E. coli producing the M31L version of the peptide [110], P. acidilactici 347 [111], C. glutamicum CR099 pXMJ19 P_tac pedACD^Cg [23], and P. acidilactici 1521 [112] in shake flasks and test tubes. In addition, the results of the optimization from this work are shown, using C. glutamicum CR099 pXMJ19 P_tac pedACD^Cg. The data comprise (from top to bottom in the middle part) production in in shake flasks using TY medium (A), TY medium, at a reduced DO level of 2.5% (B), GY medium at reduced nutrient content (C), GY medium at pH 5.9 (D), and GY medium at pH 5.9 and 2 g L⁻¹ CaCl₂ (E). Furthermore, the performance of pediocin PA-1 production in bioreactors is shown. This includes a fed-batch process in TY medium using C. glutamicum CR099 pXMJ19 P_tac pedACD^Cg [23] and two batch processes in GY medium with 80 g L⁻¹ of glucose and 2 g L⁻¹ CaCl₂ from this work, that comprised an initial phase of growth (pH 6.5, 10% DO) and a switch to production (pH 5.7, 2.5% DO) after 4 h using C. glutamicum CR099 pClik P_tuf pedACD^Cg CR099 with constitutive cluster expression (F) and the inducible producer C. glutamicum CR099 pXMJ19 P_tac pedACD^Cg (G). The medium of the letter additionally contained 2 mM IPTG. The pediocin PA-1 concentration obtained with B. subtilis was estimated from the reported biological activity [108] using the recently obtained conversion factor [23]