Fig. 5

Enhancing the production of cembratriene-ol via overexpressing ispD and ispF and fermentation scale-up in 15-L fermenter. a, Enhancing the production of cembratriene-ol via overexpressing ispD and ispF. −, no gene overexpression; +, gene overexpression using pACYCDuet-1; 2+, gene overexpression using pCDFDuet-1; 3+, gene overexpression using pETDuet-1; 4+, gene overexpression using pRSFDuet-1. Student’s t-test was used to statistically analyze data, and statistical significance was set at p value < 0.05. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to E. coli Z25 (**, p < 0.05). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. b, Fermention scale-up in 15-L fermentor