Green immobilization and efficient proliferation of Escherichia coli cells in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel membranes by unidirectional nanopore dehydration

Table 1 Tensile strength of ECI-PVAHMs prepared from different volumes of solution

PVA (mL)	After swelling (mm) width	Max load thickness	Tensile strength (F_max, N)	Elongation at break (σ, MPa)	(%)
1.0	10.13 ± 0.50	0.34 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.11	0.10 ± 0.03	305.09 ± 33.76
2.0	8.38 ± 3.67	0.57 ± 0.04	2.10 ± 0.94	0.67 ± 0.64	340.52 ± 26.00
3.0	9.38 ± 0.21	0.80 ± 0.04	6.53 ± 1.37	0.88 ± 0.21	386.91 ± 19.15
4.0	9.23 ± 0.31	1.03 ± 0.08	8.36 ± 2.36	0.90 ± 0.29	359.85 ± 38.67
5.0	8.83 ± 0.35	1.25 ± 0.06	7.18 ± 1.42	0.66 ± 0.17	318.30 ± 62.74

ISSN: 1475-2859