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Fig. 7 | Microbial Cell Factories

Fig. 7

From: Green immobilization and efficient proliferation of Escherichia coli cells in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel membranes by unidirectional nanopore dehydration

Fig. 7

Surface and longitudinal section structures of ECI-PVAHMs during unidirectional dehydration. a, b The cross-section (3 h) at 500× and 2000×, respectively; c, d the surface of the PVA solution (9 h) at 1000× and 4000×, respectively; eh the cross-section (12 h) at 2000×, 5000×, 10,000×, and 20,000×, respectively. The red arrows point to the E. coli cells embedded in the porous network

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