Fig. 6From: Green immobilization and efficient proliferation of Escherichia coli cells in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel membranes by unidirectional nanopore dehydration a, b Optical and fluorescent photos of ECI-PVAHM after the first 12 h cycle of culturing and c, d cells that divided and grew in the culture medium after the fortieth culture cycle. Markers: a, b 100 μm and c, d 10 μmBack to article page