Table 1 Recombinant expression of HDPs and the different cell hosts used to express them

Apidaecin

Insect AMP

L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000

Secreted

–

[111]

Apidaecin

Insect AMP

Pichia pastoris

Secreted

Human serum albumin (HSA)

[43]

Big defensins

Molusc big defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Solubilized

–

[112]

Bovine lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP)

Bovine defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

E. coli Origami B (DE3)

Soluble

Solubilized

eGFP

[37]

Buforin II

Histone H2A-derived AMP

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Solubilized

Cystein-rich acidic peptide (CAP)

[92]

Cathelicidin-BF (CBF)

Cathelicidin

B. subtilis WB800 N

Secreted

Intein

SUMO

[95, 157]

CcDef2gene

Insect defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Solubilized

3xCcDef2 Casette

[113]

Cecropin

Cathelicidin

P. pastoris

Soluble

Oleosin

[114]

ChMAP-28, mini-ChBac7.5Nα, and mini-ChBac7.5Nα

Goat cathelicidins

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Solubilized

Trx

[115]

CRAMP

Cathelicidin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

SUMO

[41]

Cryptidin-2

Defensin

E. coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3)

Soluble

Trx

[64]

E5 and E6

Bovine bactenecin derivative

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

SUMO

[41]

Egyptian maize defensin (MzDef)

Plant defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

GST

[116]

FaAMP

Fungal defensin

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

eGFP

[117]

fBD

Flounder defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

–

[118]

Fowlicidin-1

Chicken cathelicidin

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

Calmodulin

[119]

Fungal defensin-like peptide (DLP)

Fungal defensin

P. pastoris

Secreted

–

[120]

GL13K

Encrypted peptide^a

E. coli BLR

Soluble

Elastin-like recombinamers

[121]

Gloverin

Insect antibacterial protein

Drosophila melanogaster S2

Secreted

–

[52]

Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1)

Human defensin

P. pastoris

Secreted

Polyhedrin-eGFP

[45]

Human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1)

Human defensin

E. coli strain

XPX-1

Soluble

–

[122]

Human α-defensin 5 (HD5)

Human defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

E. coli Origami B (DE3)

Solubilized

eGFP

Trx

[20, 21, 37]

Human α-defensin 5 (HD5)

Human defensin

P. pastoris

Secreted

Alpha-factor

[123]

Human β-defensin 1 (HBD1)

Human defensin

E. coli AD202

Solubilized

Soluble

C-terminal fragment of light meromyosin (LMM)

Trx

[124, 125]

Human β-defensin 1 (HBD1)

Human defensin

S. cerevisiae AH22

Secreted

–

[126]

Human β-defensin 118

Human defensin

E, coli Rosetta (DE3)

Soluble

–

[127]

Human β-defensin 2 (HBD2)

Human defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

Solubilized

Trx

Keto-steroid isomerase (KSI)

Glutathione-S-transferase (GST)

[125, 128,129,130,131]

Human β-defensin 3 (HBD3)

Human defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

Trx

Calmodulin

[119, 132]

Human β-defensin 4 (HBD4)

Human defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

Trx

[133]

Human β-defensin 6 (HD6)

Human defensin

E. coli Origami (DE3) pLys

Soluble

Trx

[134, 135]

Human β-defensin DEFB136

Human defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

Intein-chitin binding domain (CBD)

[136]

Hybrid peptide Cecropin AD

Cecropin

B. subtilis WB800N

Secreted

Small ubiquitin modifier (SUMO)

[137]

IDR-1

Innate defense regulator (IDR)

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

SUMO

[41]

Indolicidin

Cathelicidin

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

Calmodulin

[119]

Insect defensin A

Defensin

S. cerevisiae

Secreted

Yeast pheromone mating factor α (MFα)

[138]

Lactoferrampin B

Fragment of lactoferrin

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

Calmodulin

[119]

LL-37

Cathelicidin

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

SmbP

Silk

SUMO

[41, 139]

LsGRP1c

Glycine Rich Protein from

E. coli BL21

E. coli C41 (DE3)

E. coli C43 (DE3)

E. coli C41 (DE3) pLysS

E. coli C43 (DE3) pLysS

Soluble

SUMO

[140]

LvCrustinVII

Crustacean AMP

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Solubilized

–

[141]

Magainin II F5W

Cathelicidin

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

Calmodulin

[119]

Magainin II-cecropin B chimera

Magainin/cathelicidin hybrid

Cordyceps militaris

Secreted

Chimeric protein^b

[50]

Melittin

–

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

eGFP

Calmodulin

[117, 119]

MIP-3α_51-70

Chemokine fragment

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

Calmodulin

[119]

MX226

Indolicidin derivative

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

SUMO

[41]

OrR214 and OrR935

Rice AMPs

B. subtilis SCK

Secreted

–

[142]

pBD-2-cecropin P1 chimera

Defensin/cathelicidin hybrid

B. subtilis

Secreted

Chimeric protein^b

[143]

Peptide P2

Designed peptide

E. coli NM522

Solubilized

Bovine prochymosin

[144]

Pexiganan

Magainin analogue

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

DAMP4

[145]

Pexiganan-honeybee silk chimera (modified magainin-2)

Magainin analogue/silk-fibre hybrid

E. coli Rosetta 2 (DE3)

Solubilized

Silk

[146]

Plectasin

Fungal defensin

B. subtilis WB800N

Secreted

SUMO

[147]

Plectasin

Fungal defensin

P. pastoris

Secreted

4xPlectasin casette

[46]

Porcine β-defensin 2 (pBD-2)

Porcine defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Soluble

–

[141, 148]

PsDef5.1

Fungal defensin

E. coli BL21(DE3) CodonPlusRIL

Rosetta-gami 2(DE3)

Soluble

Thioredoxin (Trx)

[149]

Puroindoline A

–

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

Calmodulin

[119]

r(P)ApoBL, r(P)ApoBs^a

Encrypted peptide^a

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Solubilized

Onconase

[150]

rAvBD1-2–6–13

Chicken defensin

L. lactis NZ3900

Soluble

–

[151]

Scorpine

Defensin

Anopheles gambie

Secreted

–

[51]

Sericin-cecropin

Silk-fibre/cathelicidin hybrid

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

E. coli Rosetta (DE3)

Soluble

Silk

[152]

Sesvania javanica defensin (Javanicin)

Defensin

E. coli Origami 2 (DE3)

Soluble

Intein-CBD

[153]

SMAP

Cathelicidin

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

eGFP

[117]

Snakin-1 (StSN1)

Plant AMP

Spodoptera frugiperda (Baculovirus-infected insect cells)

Secreted

–

[154]

T9W

Variant of pig myeloid antimicrobial peptide-36

B. subtilis WB800N

Secreted

SUMO

[155]

Thanatin

Insect AMP

Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK)293

Secreted

–

[156]

Tilapia piscidin

Piscidin

P. pastoris

Soluble

–

[44]

Tritrpticin

Cathelicidin

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

Soluble

Calmodulin

[119]