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Table 2 Comparison of titers of adipic acid or its intermediate muconic acid obtained by different microbial production routes

From: A facile process for adipic acid production in high yield by oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol using the resting cells of Gluconobacter oxydans

Substrate

Organism

Intermediate

Titer (g/L)

References

p-Coumarate

Pseudomonas putida

Muconic acid (can be converted to AA with 100% yield)

13.5

[12]

Glucose

Escherichia coli

Muconic acid

36.8

[13]

Glucose

Escherichia coli

Direct from glucose

36·10−3

[14]

Glycerol

Escherichia coli

Direct from glucose

2.5

[20]

Glucose

Thermobifida fusca

Direct from glucose

2.23

[16]

Coconut oil

Yeast

 

52

[17]

1,6-Hexandiol

Gluconobacter oxydans

 

40

This work