Fig. 1
From: Recombinant vaccines in 2022: a perspective from the cell factory
Principles of antigen engineering and formulation as nanovaccines. A The multimeric presentation of antigens, either as NPs or VLPs, enhances the protective immune response upon administration. B Non relevant NPs or VLPs can be used as scaffolds for the multiple presentation of antigens that are reluctant to oligomerization, either as genetic fusions of chemically coupled upon assembling of the scaffold protein