Fig. 4

Microbiome strategies used to modulate skin microbiome in a balanced state. A Methods to discover/build new probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Isolating and identifying bacteria from healthy gut or skin microbiome to discover new probiotics would lead to discover of functional probiotics. Probiotics with beneficial functions to skin health can be engineered or built using synthetic biology strategies. Combination of these probiotics and functional prebiotics form synbiotics. B Functional verification of synbiotics and healthy microbiome in vivo. Designed synbiotics (A) and balanced microbiome from the healthy mice to the mice with skin diseases can revert their imbalanced microbiome. C Microbiome transplantation to balance skin microbiota in clinical applications. Transplantation of healthy microbiome from healthy persons’ skin as a whole or specifically isolated probiotics and engineered probiotics, can revert the imbalance