Table 1 Various fermentative hydrogen producing bacteria and their maximum hydrogen yields reported

Strict anaerobes

Aphanothece

A. halophytica

1864 nmol/mg DW^a

[35]

Clostridium

C. acetobutylicum

2.0 mol/mol glucose

[28]

C. beijerinckii

2.31 mol/mol xylose

[29]

C. butyricum

2.78 mol/mol sucrose

[31]

C. pasteurianum

2.33 mol/ mol glucose

[119]

C. paraputrificum

1.9 mol/mol N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

[120]

C. thermolacticum

3.0 mol/mol lactose

[30]

C. tyrobutyricum

3.7 mol/mol inulin-type sugar

[121]

C. perfringens

4.68 mol/mol glucose

[122]

C. bifermentans

3.29 mol/mol glucose

[122]

Caldicellulosiruptor

C. bescii

86 mL/g wastewater biosolids

[39]

Ruminococcus

R. albus

2.01 mol/mol glucose

[123]

R. flavefaciens

0.59 mol/mol cellulose^b

[34]

Thermotoga

T. maritima

2.2 mol/mol glucose

[124]

Thermoanaerobacterium

T. thermosaccharolyticum

10.86 mmol/g cellulose

[125]

Thermococcus

T. kodakaraensis

24.9 mmol/(g DW·h)^a

[126]

T. onnurineus

3.13 mol/mol starch^b

[127]

Facultative anaerobes

Bacillus

B. anthracis

2.42 mol/mol mannose

[128]

B. coagulans

2.28 mol/mol glucose

[129]

B. cereus

1.15 mol/mol glucose

[130]

B. thuringiensis

1.67 mol/mol glucose

[131]

Citrobacter

C. amalonaticus

1.24 mol/mol glucose

[44]

C. freundii

0.83 mol/mol glucose

[45]

C. intermedius

1.1 mol/mol glucose

[46]

Enterobacter

E. aerogenes

2.23 mol/mol glucose

[132]

E. cloacae

2.2 mol/mol glucose

[133]

Enterococcus

E. faecium

1.69 mol/mol glucose

[134]

Escherichia

E. coli

2 mol/mol glucose

[43]

Klebsiella

K. oxytoca

9.33 mmol/g sucrose

[135]

K. pneumoniae

2.07 mol/mol glucose

[47]

Aerobes

Alcaligenes

A. eutrophus

100 μmol/(gProtein·h)

[52]