Rebooting life: engineering non-natural nucleic acids, proteins and metabolites in microorganisms

Table 2 Recent studies on expansion of the genetic code in bacteria and yeast

Host organism	Orthogonal pair	Codon	ncAA(s)	Reference
E. coli	Archaeal PylRS-tRNA	UAG	BocK	[65]
	MjTyrRS-tRNA	AGGA	pAzF, OpgY, pAcF and pBpa	[88]
	BocLysRS-tRNA	AGGA	BocK	[72]
	AcPheRS-3-tRNA	UAGA	pAcF	[72]
	MjTyrRS-tRNA/Mb PylRS-tRNA	UAG	pAcF, pAzF and ProcK	[67]
	Evolved p-cyano-L-phenylalanyl aminoacyltRNAsynthetase (pCNFRS)	UAG	pAzF	[108]
	Evolved N^ε-acetyl-lysyl aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase (AcKRS)	UAG	mIF	[108]
	Mm PylRS^TF-tRNA	UAG	eBocK, endo-BCNK and TCO*-AK	[53]
	M PylRS-tRNA	UAG	BocK and AcK	[85]
	MΔNPylRS/^ΔNPyltRNA	UAG	NmH and CbzK	[109]
	Mutant MmPylRS-tRNA	UAG	PrDiAzK	[110]
L. lactis	Archaeal PylRS-tRNA	UAG	BocK	[65]
Streptomyces albus	Mb PylRS-tRNA	UAG	Alk, Cyc and Boc	[51]
S. elongatus	Mm PylRS-tRNA	UAG	PrLl and BocK	[104]
Neisseria meningitides	M PylRS-tRNA	UAG	mAzZLys and pBpa	[52]

BocK Nε-(tert-butyloxy-carbonyl)-L-lysine, pAzF p-azidophenylalanine, OpgY O-propargyl-tyrosine, pAcF p-acetylphenylalanine, pBpa p-benzoyl-phenylalanine, ProcK Nε-prop-2-ynyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine, mIF m-iodo-L-phenylalanine, eBocK tetrazine-unreactive eBoc-lysine, endo-BCNK tetrazine reactive endo-bicyclo [6.1.0] nonyne-lysine, TCO*-AK axial isomer of trans-cyclooct-2-ene-lysine, AcK Nε-acetyl-L-lysine, NmH 3-methyl-L-histidine, CbzK Nε-(carbobenzyloxy)-l-lysine, PrDiAzK propargyl-diazirine-lysine, Alk H-Lys-Alloc-OH, Cyc H-Lys-Cyc-OH, Boc H-Lys-Boc-OH, PrLl Nε-propargyl-L-lysine, mAzZLys Nε-(m-azidobenzyloxycarbonyl)-L-lysine

ISSN: 1475-2859