Table 2 A summary of metabolic engineering of different enzymes and genes in M. circinelloides to boost the production of lipids

CBS 108.16

Malic enzyme recombinant

2.5 fold increase in lipid content

[8]

CBS 277.49

Malic enzyme recombinant

No increase in lipid content

[57]

CBS 277.49

6pgd and g6pd recombinant

20–30% increase in lipid content

[66]

WJ11

leuB

67–73% increase in lipid content

[23]

WJ11

g6pdh1, g6pdh2

In case of g6pdh1 total fatty acid content was elevated by 23–28% and for g6pdh2 it was elevated by 42–47%

[23]

CBS277.49, CBS108.16 and WJ11

Xylose Isomerase and Xylulokinase

Lipid content is elevated slightly

[67]

WJ11 and CBS 277.49

Citrate transporter

44% lipid content elevation

[24]

WJ11 and CBS 277.49

Tricarboxylate transporter

68% lipid content elevation

[24]

CBS277.49

Malate transporter

70% lipid content elevation

[25]

WJ11

Snf-β recombinant

32% lipid content elevation

[79]

CBS 277.49

Lipases: Lip6 and Lip10

Lip6: enhanced lipid accumulation by 9–24%

Lip 10: enhanced lipid accumulation by 14%

[26, 27]

CBS 277.49

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase

Might enhance lipid accumulation

[93]