Table 4 Parametric comparison of raw and spent SWW with national standards
Properties | Raw SWW parameters estimated in our study | Treated SWW parameters estimated in our study | Different parameters of SWW reported in other studiesa | National effluent standards for sago and starch industry |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 4.67 ± 0.03 | 8.1 ± 0.02 | 4.5–5.5 | 6.5–8.5 |
EC (dS m−1) | 6.3 ± 0.04 | 4.11 ± 0.0 | 1.7–3.3 | – |
Salinity (g L−1) | 4.86 ± 0.09 | 2.15 ± 0.03 | – | – |
Total solids (g L−1) | 4.57 ± 0.01 | 1.86 ± 0.01 | 0.8–12.45 | 0.1 |
Total dissolved solids (g L−1) | 4.16 ± 0.02 | 1.32 ± 0.04 | 1.5–3.7 | – |
Starch (g L−1) | 10.00 ± 0.07 | 0.002 ± 0.0 | 4–7 | – |
BOD (g L−1) | 5.04 ± 0.08 | 1.03 ± 0.12 | 6.2–23.1 | 0.03 |
COD (g L−1) | 70.22 ± 1.1 | 30.27 ± 1.2 | 11.08–19.08 | 0.25 |
NO3 (mg L−1) | 3.10 ± 0.02 | ND | – | 10 |
NH4 (mg L−1) | 5.48 ± 0.05 | ND | – | 50 |
PO4 (mg L−1) | 611.67 ± 0.01 | 72.1 ± 0.04 | – | 5 |
Cyanide (mg L−1) | 4.46 ± 0.02 | 1.54 ± 0.32 | 3.5–5.3 | 0.2 |