Table 1 Commercial E. coli expression strains employed for the production of DtE enzymes (2010–2021)
Expressed industrial enzyme example | E. coli expression strain | Commercial supplier | Benefit | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bis-γ-glutamylcystine | ArcticExpress (DE3) (B) | Agilent Technologies, Inc | Expression at low temperatures with active molecular chaperones. Promotes ideal folding under low temperature conditions, increasing solubility | [183] |
Malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase | Origamiâ„¢ B (DE3) (B) | Merck KGaA | Expression of proteins rich in in disulphide bonds. Promotes cytoplasmic disulphide bond formation | [66] |
Phenol hydroxylase component 2 | BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) (B) | Agilent Technologies, Inc | Expression of proteins rich in AGA/AGG, AUA, and CUA. Promote correct synthesis and folding for proteins with rare codons in E. coli | [184] |
Flavin reductase | BL21(DE3)pLysS (B) | Various Suppliers (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Promega Corporation, Merck KGaA) | Lower background expression, useful for toxic proteins. Allows greater control over expression | [73] |
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase | [14] | |||
Beta-glucosidase | One Shotâ„¢ BL21 Starâ„¢ (DE3) (B) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | High expression of non-toxic proteins. Promotes high expression of protein product | [74] |
N-Acyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase | Tunerâ„¢(DE3) (B) | Merck KGaA | Allows slower protein synthesis to promote solubility using adjustable inducer concentrations | [71] |
Sphingomyelinase | Rosetta/Rosetta 2 (DE3) (B) | Merck KGaA | Promote correct synthesis and folding for proteins (i.e. eukaryotic proteins) with rare codons (AGA, AGG, AUA, CUA, GGA, CCC, and CGG) in E. coli | [79] |
Lysine 6-Dehydrogenase | Rosetta-gamiâ„¢ (DE3) (B) | Merck KGaA | Alleviates codon bias and enhances disulphide bond formation | [83] |
2-hydroxyethyl-phosphonate methyltransferase | Rosettaâ„¢ 2 (DE3)pLysS (B) | Merck KGaA | Alleviates codon bias and lowers background expression, useful for toxic proteins | [84] |
Tryptophan-2-C-methyltransferase | RosettaBlueâ„¢(DE3) pLysS (B) | Merck KGaA | Alleviates codon bias and lowers background expression, useful for toxic proteins. High transformation efficiency | [78] |
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase | DH5α (K12) | Various Suppliers (Thermo Fisher Scientific, New England Biolabs, Gold Biotechnology Ltd.) | Generally, a strain used for cloning and blue/white screening. (recA) mutation allows for better insert stability | [30] |
Chitobiase | M15 (K12) | Qiagen | Generally used in conjunction with plasmid (pQE) found within a expression kit from Qiagen | [59] |
Cellobiose phosphorylase | JM109 (K12) | Promega Corporation | Generally, a strain used for cloning and blue/white screening | [55] |
Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase B | NovaBlue (DE3) (K12) | Merck KGaA | Generally, a strain used for cloning and blue/white screening | [57] |
Fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase | XL-1 Blue (K12) | Promega Corporation | Generally, a strain used for cloning and blue/white screening | [58] |
Trehalose transferase | TOP10 (K12) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Generally, a strain used for cloning and plasmid propagation | [61] |