Fig. 8From: Non-destructive quantification of anaerobic gut fungi and methanogens in co-culture reveals increased fungal growth rate and changes in metabolic flux relative to mono-cultureAGF mass-normalized fluxes reveal significant upregulation of acetate (via the hydrogenosome) and ethanol (via cytosolic PFL) fluxes, and significant downregulation of lactate and succinate flux in co-cultures. Formate and hydrogen are consumed by M. thaueri and therefore do not accumulate in co-cultures. While xylan is consumed more quickly in co-culture, the flux of xylan into C. churrovis is equal in mono- and co-cultures. Fluxes for succinate in mono- and co-culture and lactate in co-culture assume metabolite concentrations of 0 mM at 24Â h, as observed values were below the detection limit. Bolded metabolites are detectable via our HPLC method. Metabolites in blue or red (also starred) showed significantly greater flux in co-culture or mono-culture, respectively. Arrow thickness correlates qualitatively with mono-culture flux values. Xu5PÂ xylulose-5-phosphate, G3PÂ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, PEPÂ phosphoenolpyruvic acid, OXACÂ oxaloacetic acid, ADPÂ adenosine diphosphate, ATPÂ adenosine triphosphate, NAD+Â nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized), NADHÂ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced), AcCoAÂ acetyl coenzyme A, PFLÂ pyruvate formate lyase, PFOÂ pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Created with BioRenderBack to article page