Fig. 1

Schematic view for the biosynthesis of (−)−podophyllotoxin and some semi-synthetic derivatives thereof. The six enzymes from S. hexandrum that were assembled in this study are underlined. Individual compounds produced in the herein described multi-enzyme cascade are highlighted by a 1 to 7 numbering. Compounds 2, 3, 4, and 7 are not commercially available; (−)−pluviatolide 2 was isolated and identified in our previous work [25]