Table 1 Genes/enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of astaxanthin by X. dendrorhous

ERG10

CED82454

Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase

Cytoplasm, MIS

[42, 126, 129, 130]

ERG13

CED83016

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase

Nucleus

[42, 126, 129, 130]

HMG1

CED85502

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase

Nucleus periphery, ERM

[42, 126, 129, 130]

ERG12

CED82307

Mevalonate kinase

Cytoplasm

[42, 126, 129, 130]

ERG8

CDZ97430

Phosphomevalonate kinase

Cytosol and nucleus

[42, 126, 129, 130]

MVDD

CED83492

Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase

Cytosol

[42, 126, 129, 130]

idi

CED82414

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase

Cytoplasm and nucleus

[42, 126, 129, 130]

ERG20

CDZ96456

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase

ERM

[42, 126, 129]

crtE

CDZ97186

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase

[42, 126, 129, 130]

crtYB

CED83449

Phytoene-β-carotene synthase

[126, 129, 130]

crtI

CED83513

Phytoene desaturase

ICM

[126, 129, 130]

crtS

CED83940

Astaxanthin synthase

[126, 129, 130]

crtR

CDZ98161

Cytochrome P450 reductase

MOM, ERM, PM

[126, 129, 130]