Table 1 Improving the features and efficiency of microbial cell factories by membrane engineering

 + pssA

E. coli MG1655

Expressing pssA

Increasing tolerance and production of octanoic acid; the membrane thickness; growth rate

[45]

Mutants overexpressing cti

E. coli MG1655

Expressing cti from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Increasing tolerance and production of octanoic acid

[46]

PALK (pMS3- pelB-cti)

Mannheimia succiniciproducens

ΔldhA, Δpta, ΔackA, + pelB, + cti (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Reducing membrane fluidity; increasing tolerance and production of succinic acid

[47]

CAR015-37Almgs(pPlsb-plsc)

CAR015(pACYC184-M)

overexpressing plsB and plsC

2.9-fold increase of β-carotene (m 6.7 to 19.6 mg/g DCW)

[48]

CAR025-37Almgs(pPlsb-plsc)

CAR025(pACYC184-M)

overexpressing plsB and plsC

39% increase of β-carotene (from 31.8 to 44.2 mg/g DCW)

[48]

E. coli

 WJW00 (pDXW-8-phaCAB)

W3110 (pDXW-8-phaCAB)

Truncating LPS by deleting gmhD

67.8%/22.4%

[2]

 WJD00 (pDXW-8-phaCAB)

DH5α (pDXW-8-phaCAB)

Truncating LPS by deleting gmhD

78.6%/42%

[2]

 WJJ00 (pDXW-8-phaCAB)

JM109 (pDXW-8-phaCAB)

Truncating LPS by deleting gmhD

84.8%/48.3%

[2]

 JM109-murC2 (pBHR68)

JM109 (pBHR68)

Targeting on murC for peptidoglycan synthesis via sgRNAs of CRISPRi

84.3%/78.85%

[3]

 JM109-mraY4 (pBHR68)

JM109 (pBHR68)

Interfering mraY for peptidoglycan synthesis

88.4%/78.85%

[3]

 JM109-ftsW2 (pBHR68)

JM109 (pBHR68)

Interfering ftsW for peptidoglycan synthesis

90.88%/78.85%

[3]

 JM109-murE1 + murD2) (pBHR68)

JM109 (pBHR68)

Interfering murE and murD for peptidoglycan synthesis

90.29%/78.85%

[3]

 JM109-(ftsW1 + ftsW4) (pBHR68)

JM109 (pBHR68)

Interfering ftsW for peptidoglycan synthesis

92.66%/78.85%

[3]

R. eutropha

 HF39 DO10

H16

Interfering LPS biosynthesis by Tn5 insertion in H16_A0803 (hldA)

38%/25%

[59]

P. putida

 WJPP03

KT2442

Deleting 76 genes relevant to flagella and pili

63.1%/45.7%

[116]