Table 1 Comparisons of biochemical properties of DaeB and previously characterized d-allulose biosynthesizing enzymes
Enzyme | Enzyme sources | GenBank accession number | Optimum pH | Optimum temperature (°C) | Cofactor | Most suitable substrate | Half- life (minutes) | Turnover number kcat (s− 1) | Equilibrium (d-allulose to d-fructose) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTEase) | Pseudomonas cichorii | BAA24429.1 | 7.5 | 60 | None | d-tagatose | NR | NR | 20:80 (30 °C) | [41] |
Caballeronia fortuita | WP_061137998.1 | 7.5 | 65 | Co2+ | d-tagatose | 63 (60 °C) 307 (55 °C) | 157.21 | 28.1:71.9 | [12] | |
Sinorhizobium sp. | WP_069063284.1 | 8.0 | 50 | Mn2+ | d-tagatose | NR | 50 | 25.3:74.7 | [43] | |
d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | AAK88700.1 | 8.0 | 50 | Mn2+ | d-allulose | 8.9 (55 °C), 64 (50 °C) | 34.46 | 32: 68 (30 °C) | [14] |
Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 | ACL75304.1 | 8.0 | 55 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 408 (60 °C) | 55.9 | 32: 68 (55 °C) | [15] | |
Ruminococcus sp. | ZP_04858451.1 | 7.5–8.0 | 60 | Mn2+ | d-allulose | ̴96 (60 °C) | 59.4 | 28:72 (60 °C) | [16] | |
Clostridium scindens | WP_004607502.1 | 7.5 | 60 | Mn2+ | d-allulose | 50 (60 °C), 108 (50 °C) | 5.8 | 28: 72 (50 °C) | [17] | |
Clostridium sp. | WP_014314767.1 | 8.0 | 65 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 15 (60 °C) | 272 | 28: 72 (65 °C) | [18] | |
Desmospora sp. 8437 | WP_009711885.1 | 7.5 | 60 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 120 (50 °C) | 1059.55 | 30:70 (60 °C) | [19] | |
Clostridium bolteae | EDP19602.1 | 7.0 | 55 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 156 (55 °C) | 59 | 31: 69 (55 °C) 32: 68 (60 °C) | [20] | |
Dorea sp. CAG317 | WP_022318236.1 | 6.0 | 70 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 30 (60 °C) | NR | 30:70 (70 °C) | [21] | |
Treponema primitia ZAS-1 | ZP_09717154.1 | 8.0 | 70 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 30 (50 °C) | 292 | 28: 72 (70 °C) | [22] | |
Flavonifractor plautii | EHM40452.1 | 7.0 | 65 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 40 (65 °C) | 342 | 31:69 | [23] | |
Arthrobacter globiformis | BAW27657.1 | 7.0–8.0 | 70 | Mg2+ | d-allulose | Not reported | 41.8 | 24: 76 (30 °C) 27: 73 (70 °C) | [24] | |
Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 | EGL65884.1 | 7.5–8.0 | 55–60 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 267 (55 °C), 28.2 (60 °C), 3.8 (65 °C) | 106.7 | 30:70 (55 °C) | [25] | |
Paenibacillus senegalensis | WP_010270828.1 | 8.0 | 55 | Co2+, Mn2+ | d-allulose | 140 (60 °C) | 40.92 | 30:70 | [26] | |
Staphylococcus aureus | SQA09501.1 | 7.5 | 70 | Mg2+ | d-allulose | 120 (70 °C) | 22.9 | 38.9:61.1 | [27] | |
Rhodopirellula baltica | WP_007330622.1 | 8.0 | 60 | Mn2+ | d-allulose | 52 (60 °C) | 14.90 | 28.6:61.4 | [28] | |
DaeM | MN337631. | 7.0 | 80 | Co2+ | d-allulose | 9900 (60 °C) 3240 (70 °C) 49 (80 °C) | 41.99 | 31:69 | [32] | |
Bacillus sp. (DaeB) | KYG89858.1 | 8.0 | 55 | Mn 2+ | d-allulose | 36,000 (50 °C) 1320 (55 °C) | 367 | 28.5:71.5 | This study | |
d-fructose 3-epimerase (DFEase) | Rhodobacter sphaeroides | ACO59490.1 | 9.0 | 40 | Mn2+ | d-fructose | 60 (50 °C) | NR | 23:77 (40 °C) | [42] |
L-ribulose 3-epimerase (LREase) | Mesorhizobium loti | BAN15042.1 | 8.0 | 60 | Mn2+ | L-ribulose | Not reported | NR | NR | [13] |