Fig. 4

Relative expression levels of carbohydrate metabolism and stress response related genes as measured by qRT-PCR. Relative expression fold changes were calculated relative to the transcript levels in the ccpA-inactivated mutant strain compared to the parental strain for up-regulated genes and as the negative reciprocal values for down-regulated genes. The data were normalized to the transcription level of 16S rRNA and are expressed as the mean ± SD of three biological and technical replicates. Statistical significance is identified as *P < 0.05