Table 2 Electrochemical assays at lipase based Biosensor

Electrochemical assays at lipase based biosensor

 Candida rugosa (Fungi)

Methyl parathion

(p-nitrophenyl pesticides)

On a glass pH electrode lipase was mobilized and transformed which reduced the pH; methyl-paraoxon inhibit reaction

93 μmol/l

[714]

 Burkholderia cepacia Lipase (Bacterium)

Methyl parathion,

(p-nitrophenyl)

Lipase was immobilized on zeolitic nanoparticles and then into chitosan on a glassy carbon electrode, pesticides like methyl parathion were hydrolyzed to p-nitrophenyl that was electrochemically oxidized in the next ste

0.1–38 µM/l

[715]

 Candida rugosa (Fungi)

Diazinon

Lipase converted diazinon to diethyl phosphorothioic acid and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6- hydroxypyrimidine. which caused a change in the impedance of the medium

10 nmol/l (fungal lipase)

[306]

 Candida rugosa (Fungi)

Chlorfenvinphos,

Malathion

Lipase converted p- nitrophenyl acetate to p- nitrophenol and acetic acid, p- nitrophenol was oxidized and a current at 0.024 V was recorded, analyzed inhibited lipase and stopped the reaction.

84.5 µmol/l for

chlorfenvinphos

and 282 µmol/l

for malathion

[716]

Optical assays-based on lipase biosensor

 Candida antarctica,

Yarrowia lipolytica and fungus

Lipase itself

p-nitrophenyl butyrate

hydrolysis to butyric acid and p-nitrophenol, coloration caused by p-nitrophenol was measured

0.05 U/ml

[717]

 Candida antarctica,

Mucor miehei,

Thermomyces lanuginosus (Fungus)

and bacteria Pseudomonas

cepacia and P. fluorescens

Lipase itself

Butyryl 4-methyl umbelliferone (Bu-4-Mu) and methanol in tert-butanol were trans-esterified in the presence of lipase, production of 4-methylumbelliferone was measured fluorometre

Not available

[718]