Fig. 2

Ammonium production in AZBB163 in cultures with varied volumes. Shown are the ammonium production (top) and OD₆₀₀ (bottom) results from growing AZBB163 as 15 mL, 30 mL and 60 mL cultures. Cultures were grown in Burk’s (B) medium with 20 g/L starting sucrose concentration at 26 °C and shaken at 180 rpm in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Bottom graph optical density plotted on a log₂-based scale (y-axis). Data points indicate averages, while error bars represent standard deviation (N = 5)