Fig. 4

Engineering of the redox cofactor supply module to improve triterpenoid production. The EMC, EMT and Rtme genes that encode malic enzymes are responsible for NADPH generation. The gene Gapc, encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, is responsible for NADH generation. The light orange background represents strains generated from YLJCC5, and the reseda background represents strains generated from YLJCC6. Red and green blocks in the first column of the gene form represent the CYP/CPR and redox cofactor supply modules, respectively. Asterisk represents the strains that exhibited increased triterpenoid production, and similar engineering was used in the final multimodular optimization