Fig. 2
From: Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for production of aromatic compounds
The metabolic engineering approaches to microbial production of SHK pathway derivatives. A microbial co-culture system developed for the biosynthesis of cis,cis-muconic acid from a mixture of glucose and xylose (shown in the upper panel). Metabolic design for the production of a series of chorismate-derived aromatic amines (shown in the bottom panel). Abbreviations for metabolites: 4-ACA: 4-aminocinnamic acid; 4-APAA: 4-aminophenyl acetic acid; 4-APE: 4-aminophenylethanol; 4-APEA: 4-aminophenylamine; 4-APhe: 4-aminophenylalanine; 4-APheAL: 4-aminophenyl acetaldehyde; 4-APheP: 4-aminophenyl pyruvate; AcCoA: acetyl-CoA; CA: catechol; CHA: chorismate; CMA: cis,cis-muconic acid; DAHP: 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate; DHQ: 3-dehydroquinate; DHS: 3-dehydroshikimate; E4P: erythrose 4-phosphate; F6P: fructose 6-phosphate; G6P: glucose 6-phosphate; GLC: glucose; GLY: glycerol; PCA: protocatechuic acid; PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; l-PHE: l-phenylalanine; PYR: pyruvate; SHK: shikimate; TCA: tricarboxylic acid; l-TRP: l-tryptophan: l-TYR: l-tyrosine; X5P: xylose 5-phosphate; XYL: xylose. Abbreviations for enzymes: AAAD: aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; ADH: aldehyde dehydrogenase; ALDH: alcohol dehydrogenase; AroE: shikimate dehydrogenase; AroF: feedback sensitive DHAP synthase; AroGfbr: feedback resistance isozyme of DHAP synthase; AroH: chorismate mutase; AT: aminotransferase; AroY: protocatechuate decarboxylase; AroZ: 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase; CatA: catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; PapA: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase; PapB: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate mutase; PapC: 4-amino-4-deoxyprephenate dehydrogenase; PDC: phenylpyruvate decarboxylase; PpsA: phosphoenolpyruvate synthase; ShiA: shikimate transporter, PAL: phenylalanine ammonia lyase; TktA: transketolase; YdiB: Quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase. The inactivated metabolic pathways are indicated by “X”. Dotted lines indicate feedback inhibition. Native metabolic pathways are indicated by black arrows, and non-native pathways are indicated by blue arrows. Multiple metabolic reactions are indicated by sequential arrows. Blue boxes represent feedback inhibition resistant mutants of endogenous enzymes. Pink line or pink boxes represent overexpressed enzymes