Fig. 4

Concentration (nmol/mg DCW) of amino acids and related nitrogen-containing compounds in S. stipitis NBRC10063 after fermenting glucose (orange bars), xylose (blue bars), or GlcNAc (red bars) for 24 h. Arrows indicate the main direction of metabolic flow. Dashed arrows indicate reactions involving more than one enzymatic step. Metabolites written in brown were not analyzed in this study. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation (n = 3). Ala alanine, Arg arginine, Asn asparagine, Asp aspartate, Carbamoyl-P carbamoyl phosphate, Cys cysteine, GABA γ-aminobutyrate, Gln glutamine, Glu glutamate, Gly glycine, GSH reduced glutathione, GSSG oxidized glutathione, His histidine, Ile isoleucine, Leu leucine, Lys lysine, Met methionine, Phe phenylalanine, Pro proline, Ser serine, Thr threonine, TMG trimethylglycine, Trp tryptophan, Tyr tyrosine, Val valine