Fig. 4

Time profile of carbon utilization (a) and gamma-aminobutyrate production (b) of recombinant C. glutamicum KCTC H36GD1852 expressing glutamate decarboxylase, xylose isomerase, and xylulose kinase under the strong H36 promoter in a shake flask culture set-up with empty fruit bunch (EFB) biosugar solution and chemical-grade sugars with different ratios of glucose (45 g/L) to xylose (5 g/L) after 120 h. EFB Solution (glucose, purple filled up triangle; xylose, purple filled square); Chemical-grade sugar solution (glucose, green filled up triangle; xylose, green filled square)