Fig. 7

Direct ethanol production from PASC. Data are the mean values of two repeats ± standard deviation. AGA3–CipA3, cells containing both anchoring scaffoldin ScafAGA3 and scaffoldin I ScafCipA3 assembled complex cellulosome; AGA5–CipA3–C, cellulase activities were improved through linker optimization and secretory pathway engineering, and the cellulases were then assembled to the cells containing both anchoring scaffoldin ScafAGA5 and scaffoldin I ScafCipA3 to construct complex cellulosome; AGA5–CipA3–C-adjusted ratio, based on AGA5–CipA3–C, the ratio of ScafAGA5–ScafCipA3, CBH1, CelA and BGL1 was adjusted from 1:1:1:1 to 1:1.25:1.25:0.5