Fig. 4

Growth kinetics and m_S in retentostat cultures. a Specific glucose-consumption rate (q_S, solid line) and specific growth rate (µ, dashed line) calculated by non-linear regression of the accumulation of viable- and total biomass over time (see “Methods” section). The closed symbols and dotted line represent the viable biomass and linear regression of the viable biomass, respectively. Data are shown for a single representative retentostat experiment. b Glucose and ATP requirements for maintenance (m_S and m_ATP, respectively) of aerobic and anaerobic retentostat cultures (anaerobic data obtained from [12]). The aerobic m_ATP was calculated based on a P/O ratio of respiring S. cerevisiae cultures of 1.0 [23]