High yield 1,3-propanediol production by rational engineering of the 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde bottleneck in Citrobacter werkmanii

Table 3 Residual substrate concentration and metabolite profile of C. werkmanii knock-outs

Strains	Residual concentration (mM)		Metabolite concentration (mM)
Strains	Glycerol	Glucose	PDO	Acetate	Ethanol	Lactate	Succinate	3-HPA
∆dhaD	45.52 ± 1.56	0.22 ± 0.03^a	39.80 ± 2.67^a	46.20 ± 0.59^a	18.00 ± 1.22^a	3.10 ± 0.49^a	4.44 ± 0.30^a	24.74 ± 2.48^a
∆dhaD∆ldhA	41.92 ± 0.89	2.75 ± 0.20^b	62.90 ± 1.29^a,b	52.40 ± 0.99^a,b	12.50 ± 0.21^a,b	0.87 ± 0.02^a,b	5.11 ± 0.02^b	11.92 ± 1.35^a,b
∆dhaD∆adhE::ChlFRT	44.43 ± 5.37	9.08 ± 2.71^a	86.11 ± 7.19^a,b,c	68.12 ± 1.74^a,b,c	BDL^a,b	5.46 ± 0.61^a,b,c	6.36 ± 0.61^a,b	4.83 ± 0.21^a,b,c
∆dhaD∆ldhA∆adhE::ChlFRT	52.33 ± 5.63	11.05 ± 1.26^a,b	107.20 ± 4.22^a,b,c	75.40 ± 0.69^a,b,c	BDL^a,b	BDL^a,c	6.07 ± 0.14^a	BDL^a,b,c

C. werkmanii ∆dhaD, C. werkmanii ∆dhaD∆ldhA, C. werkmanii ∆dhaD∆adhE::ChlFRT and C. werkmanii ∆dhaD∆ldhA∆adhE::ChlFRT grown anaerobically in shake flasks. The values are the average of two experiments with their corresponding standard deviation
BDL below the detection limit
^{a, b, c}Significant values calculated by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test

ISSN: 1475-2859