Table 1 List of heterologously expressed laccases
From: Engineering and Applications of fungal laccases for organic synthesis
Laccase | Source | Host | Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PO1 | Coriolus hirsutus | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Active laccase secreted in the medium. | Kojima et al. [64] |
PO2 | Â | Â | Active laccase secreted in the medium. | Kojima et al. [64] |
PrL | Phlebia radiata | Trichoderma reesei | Laccase secreted activity of 7.7 nkat ml-1 (ABTS). The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. | Saloheimo and Niku-Paavola [65] |
LCC1, LCC4 | Rhizoctonia solani | Aspergillus oryzae | Laccase activity secreted in the medium. The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. | Wahleithner et al. [66] |
LCC2 | Â | Â | Active laccase secreted in the medium. | Wahleithner et al. [66] |
LCC1 | Trametes villosa | Aspergillus oryzae | Active laccase secreted in the medium. The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. | Yaver et al. [9] |
MtL | Myceliophtora thermophila | Aspergillus oryzae | Laccase secreted activity of 0.85 U ml-1 (SGZ). The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. | Berka et al. [67] |
| Â | Â | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Laccase secreted activity of 0.6 U l-1 (ABTS). Total activity was enhanced 170-fold by directed evolution (18 mg l-1). | Bulter et al. [68] |
LCC1 | Trametes versicolor | Pichia pastoris | Active laccase secreted in the medium. Production yield was further optimised. | Jönsson et al. [69]; O'Callaghan et al. [70]; Hong et al. [71] |
LCC1 |  | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Undetectable laccase activity in the medium. | Cassland and Jönsson [72] |
LCC2 | Â | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Active laccase secreted in the medium. Production of ethanol from raw materials (0.12 U l-1). | |
LCCI | Â | Pichia pastoris | Active laccase secreted in the medium. The enzyme and a truncated version (LCCIa) were purified and partially characterized. | Gelo-Pujic et al. [74] |
LCCIV | Â | Pichia pastoris | Laccase secreted activity of 0.15 U ml-1 (ABTS). The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. | Brown et al. [75] |
LCCI | Â | Zea mays L | Laccase activity was found in the seed, and variability in the amount was seen. The highest level was 0.55% TSP (respect to total soluble protein). | Hood et al. [76] |
LCC1 |  | Pichia methalonica | 9.79 U ml-1 of laccase acivity in recombinant with the α-factor signal peptide. | Guo et al. [77] |
LACIIIb | Â | Yarrowia lipolytica | 2.5 mg l-1 (0.23 U ml-1) of active enzyme with limited excess of glycosylation. | Jolivalt et al. [78] |
LCCα |  | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 0.035 U l-1 of laccase activity produced by S. cerevisiae. | Necochea et al. [79] |
LCC1, LCC2 | Â | Pichia pastoris Aspergillus niger | 2.8 U l-1 of laccase activity produced by P. pastoris and up to 2700 U l-1 by A. niger. | Bohlin et al. [80] |
Gene IV |  | Aspergillus niger | 592 U l-1 of enzyme activity in solid-state fermentation produced by A. niger. | Téllez-Jurado et al. [81] |
LAC | Schizophyllum commune | Aspergillus sojae | Laccase secreted activity of 774 U ml-1 (Gallic acid). | Hatamoto et al. [82] |
LCC1 | Coprinus cinereus | Aspergillus oryzae | Transformants secreted from 8.0 to 135 mg of active laccase per liter. The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. | Yaver et al. [83] |
LCC1 | Coprinopsis cinerea | Coprinopsis cinerea | Maximal activity (3 U ml-1) reached with the gpdII promoter and 0. 1 μM CuSO4 (homologous expression). | Kilaru et al. [84] |
LtLACC2 | Liriodendron tulipifera | Tobacco cells | Protoplasts retained laccase activity which could be measured once the protoplasts were lysed. | LaFayette et al. [85] |
LAC1 | Pycnoporus cinnabarinus | Pichia pastoris | Transformants secreted 8.0 mg l-1 of hyperglycosylated active laccase. | Otterbein et al. [86] |
LAC1 | Â | Aspergillus niger | 70 mgl-1 of active laccase using the A. niger signal peptide which represent a 77-fold increased activity (7000 U ml-1) (ABTS). The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. | Record et al. [87] |
LAC 1 | Â | Aspergillus oryzae | 80 mgl-1 of active laccase. | Sigoillot et al. [88] |
LAC 1 | Â | Pycnoporus cinnabarinus | Laccase secreted activity of 1200 mg l-1 (homologous expression) | Alves et al. [63] |
LAC 1 | Â | Yarrowia lipolytica | 20 mg l-1 of active enzyme in bioreactor. | Madzak et al. [89] |
LAC2 | Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Yeast cells accumulated the expected fusion protein in insoluble fractions without degradation of products, but no laccase activity was detected. | Sato et al. [90] |
PPOA | Marinomonas mediterranea | Escherichia coli | Production of recombinant protein, with the most of activity, located in the membrane fraction rather than in the soluble one. | Sanchez-Amat et al. [91] |
LAC4 | Pleurous sajor-caju | Pichia pastoris | Transformants produced 4.85 mg l-1 of active laccase. The enzyme was purified and partially characterized. | Soden et al. [92] |
PPO | Solanum tuberosum L. | Lycopersicon esculentum | Active laccases secreted in the medium conferring resistance to pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. | Li and Steffens [93] |
LAC 1 | Melanocarpus albomyces | Trichoderma reesei | 920 mg L l-1 of active laccase | Kiiskinen et al. [94] |
LAC 1 | Â | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 168 U l-1 of laccase activity produced (around 3 mg l-1) | Kiiskinen et al. [94] |
LAC3 | Trametes sp. strain C30 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2 mg l-1 of rLAC3 produced in bioreactor. | Klonowska et al. [95] |
POXA1b, POXC | Pleurotus ostreatus | Kluyveromyces lactis Saccharomyces cerevisiae | K. lactis was more effective host (1.1 of POXA1b and 1.4 mg l-1 of POXC laccase) than S. cerevisiae. | Piscitelli et al. [96] |
3M7C mutant | Â | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ~30 mU OD600 l-1 after 6 days of incubation in shaken flask. | Festa et al. [97] |
POXA3 | Â | Kluyveromyces lactis | 80 U l-1 after 10 days of incubation. | Faraco et al. [98] |
LCC1 | Pycnoporus coccineus | Aspergillus oryzae Saccahromyces cerevisiae | High copper concentrations are required for the production of active laccase. | Hoshida et al. [99] |
LCC1 | Coprinopsis cinerea | Coprinopsis cinerea | Maximal activity (3 U ml-1) reached with the gpdII promoter and 0. 1 μM CuSO4 | Kilaru et al. [84] |
LCC | Tametes trogii | Pichia pastoris | 17 mg l-1 of active enzyme, reaching up to 2520 U l-1 in fed-batch culture. | Colao et al. [100] |
LCC1 | Â | Kluyveromyces lactis | 6.6 U l-1 of bioactive molecule produced by K. lactis. | Camattari et al. [101] |
LACB | Trametes sp. | Pichia pastoris | Overexpression (1.01 U/mg) of active laccase (32000 U ml-1). | Li et al. [102] |
LACD | Trametes sp 420 | Pichia pastoris | 8.3 × 104 U l-1+of active laccase. | Hong et al. [103] |
Ery3 | Pleurotus eryngii | Aspergillus niger | Partially characterization of recombinant laccase. | RodrÃguez et al. [104] |
Pel3 |  | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 139 mU ml-1 of laccase in alginate immobilized cells and 18°C. | Bleve et al. [105] |
LCC | Fome lignosus | Pichia pastoris | 3.7-fold expression improvement (up to 144 mg l-1) with EMS random mutagenesis. | Hu et al. [106] |