Figure 2From: Production of L-carnitine by secondary metabolism of bacteriaL-carnitine transport systems in E. coli strains. A) Main characteristics of L-carnitine transporters: CaiT: carnitine/crotonobetaine/γ-butyrobetaine antiporter [20]; ProU and ProP, osmotic stress related transporters [6,69]. B) Effect of permeabilizers on cell envelope and outer membrane Adapted from [76].Back to article page