Comparison of methods for detoxification of spruce hydrolysate for bacterial cellulose production

Table 1 Analyses of sugars and inhibitors in the spruce hydrolysate after detoxification

No.	Detoxification	Sugars and inhibitors (% of concentration in untreated samples)^a
No.	Detoxification	Glucose	Mannose	Xylose	Galactose	Arabinose	HMF	Furfural	Acetic acid	Formic acid	Total phenols
1	Activated charcoal	96	99	95	98	88	6	6	72	61	12
2	NaOH	97	99	94	100	90	92	92	98	94	99
3	Ca(OH)₂	87	97	90	94	84	55	65	100	111	86
4	NH₄OH	88	98	93	97	83	85	90	100	102	92
5	Anion exchanger, pH 10	88	90	88	84	77	74	78	78	67	21
6	Anion exchanger, pH 5.5	90	93	98	95	94	91	94	80	72	47
7	Cation exchanger, pH 10	91	88	87	97	91	85	88	90	90	78
8	Cation exchanger, pH 5.5	93	95	102	101	98	94	96	93	91	92
9	Sodium sulfite	100	98	94	102	99	100	102	99	106	100
10	Sodium dithionite	98	99	100	103	103	101	104	102	106	100
11	Untreated ^a	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

^a The concentration of each sugar and inhibitor in the spruce hydrolysate without detoxification was set to 100%, which corresponds to 19.87 g/L glucose, 4.35 g/L mannose, 3.77 g/L xylose, 0.97 g/L galactose, 0.69 g/L arabinose, 0.53 g/L HMF, 0.51 g/L furfural, 1.72 g/L acetic acid, 0.18 g/L formic acid, and 1.30 g/L phenolic compounds.

ISSN: 1475-2859