Figure 5From: Investigating xylose metabolism in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae via 13C metabolic flux analysisThe futile pathways flexibly used to achieve the optimal ethanol production under different cofactor engineering strategies, under aerobic conditions (i.e., 0 < Y O2  < ∞), with GAM set as 300 mmol ATP/g DCW. The orange arrows indicate the futile pathways. The thickness of the blue arrows is proportional to the relative flux value.Back to article page