Table 1 Examples of acid-fermented foods in Asia

Rice-wine/beer

Takju

Korea

rice, wheat

Lactic acid bacteria

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Turbid liquid

Tapuy

Philippine

rice, glutinous rice

Sacchromyces,

Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergilus

Leuconostoc

Lb. plantarum

Sour, sweet liquid, paste

Brem bali

Indonesia

glutinous rice

Mucor indicus, Candida

Dark brown liquid sour alcoholic

Acid-leavened bread/noodle

Idli

India

Sri Lanka

rice

black gum

L. mesenteroides

S. faecalis

steamed cake

Puto

Philippines

rice

L. mesenteroides

Streptococcus faecalis

steamed cake

Kichuddok

Korea

rice

yeast

steamed cake

Mungbean

China

mungbean

L. mesenteroides

noodle

Starch Noodle

Thailand, Korea, Japan

Lb. casei,

Lb. cellobiosus

Lb. fermenti

Khanomjeen

Thailand

rice

Lactobacillus sp.

Streptococcus sp.

noodle

Fermented vegetable

Kimchi

Korea

Korean cabbage, radish, various vegetables, salt

L. mesenteroides

Lb. brevis,

Lb. plantarum

salad, side dish

Dhamuoi

Vietnam

cabbage, vegetable

L. mesenteroides

Lb. plantarum

salad, side dish

Dakguadong

Thailand

mustard leaf

Lb. plantarum

salad, salt side dish

Burong mustala

Philippines

mustard

Lb. brevis

Pediococcus cerevisiae

salad, side dish

Fermented fish and meat

Sikhae

Korea

sea water fish

cooked millet, salt

L. mesenteroides

Lb. plantarum

side dish

Narezushi

Japan

sea water fish

cooked millet, salt

L. mesenteroides

Lb. plantarum

side dish

Burong-isda

Philippines

fresh water fish rice,

salt

Lb. brevis,

Streptococcus sp.

side dish

Pla-ra

Thailand

fresh water fish salt,

roasted rice

Pediococcus sp.

side dish

Balao-balao

Philippine

shrimp, rice, salt

L. mesenteroides

P. cerevisiae

condiment

Kungchao

Thailand

shrimp, salt

sweetened rice

P. cerevisiae

side dish

Nham

Thailand

pork, galic, salt, rice

P. cerevisiae,

Lb. plantarum

Lb. brevis

pork meat in banana leaves

Nem-chua

Vietnam

pork, salt, cooked rice

Pediococcus sp.

Lactobacillus sp.

sausage