Figure 2

Toxicity studies with di-rhamnolipids using different bacteria. (a) Inhibiting effect of di-rhamnolipids on E. coli. Di-rhamnolipid concentrations tested were 0 g/L (■), 5 g/L (▲), 10 g/L (♦), 25 g/L (□), 50 g/L (○), and 90 g/L (◊). (b) Inhibiting effect of di-rhamnolipids on B. subtilis. Di-rhamnolipid concentrations tested were 0 mg/L (■), 2.5 mg/L (●), 5 mg/L (▲), 10 mg/L (♦), 25 mg/L (□), 50 mg/L (○), 75 mg/L (Δ), and 90 mg/L (◊). (c) Inhibiting effect of di-rhamnolipids on C. glutamicum. Di-rhamnolipid concentrations tested were 0 mg/L (■), 2.5 mg/L (●), 5 mg/L (▲), 10 mg/L (♦), 25 mg/L (□), 50 mg/L (○), 75 mg/L (Δ), and 90 mg/L (◊). (d) Growth rates resulting from toxicity experiments with B. subtilis (■) and C. glutamicum (●). (e) Growth rates resulting from toxicity experiments with E. coli.