Fig. 2

Recombinant r-L. lactis- Tα1-IFN activates macrophages J774-Dual™ cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (a) Detection of activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in J774-Dual™ reporter cells; (b) Detection of activation of interferon regulator signaling pathway in J774-Dual™ reporter cells; (c, d, and e): Detection of the expression levels of cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio after activation of PBMCs; (f and g): Detection of CD80/86 expression levels in PBMCs activated by r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, antigen-presenting cell Toll-like receptor 4 agonists). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was set at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001